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Encephalitozoon cuniculi-Associated Equine Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Jennifer A Hollyer1, Eamon McGuinness2, Lisa C Bowers3

  • 1Irish Equine Centre, County Kildare, Ireland.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
|March 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A horse diagnosed with encephalitis tested positive for Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi). This is the first reported case of E. cuniculi genotype II causing equine encephalitis.

Keywords:
EncephalitisEncephalitozoon cuniculiEquineMenigoencephalitis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Parasitology
  • Equine Medicine

Background:

  • Encephalitis in horses is a significant neurological disease with various potential causes.
  • Previous investigations have excluded common infectious agents like West Nile virus and equine herpesvirus.
  • A definitive diagnosis is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis and informing treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of nonsuppurative granulomatous meningoencephalitis in a horse of unknown origin.
  • To identify the specific pathogen responsible for the neurological condition.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem examination of the equine brain.
  • Serological testing for common equine encephalitis pathogens.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry on brain tissue.
  • Sequencing of PCR amplicons for pathogen identification.

Main Results:

  • Postmortem findings indicated nonsuppurative granulomatous meningoencephalitis.
  • Standard tests for West Nile virus, equine herpesvirus, equine infectious anemia, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Sarcocystis neurona were negative.
  • The horse exhibited a positive titer for Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
  • PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of E. cuniculi in affected brain tissue.
  • Sequencing identified the organism as E. cuniculi genotype II.

Conclusions:

  • Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype II was identified as the causative agent of encephalitis in this horse.
  • This represents the first documented case of E. cuniculi genotype II associated with equine encephalitis.
  • The findings expand the known spectrum of neurological diseases caused by E. cuniculi in horses.