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Updated: Nov 12, 2025
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
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Relationship between the Lower Limb Function and Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Elementary School Baseball Pitchers
Noritaka Hamano1, Hitoshi Shitara1, Tsuyoshi Tajika1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine
|March 17, 2021
Summary
Limited hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) is linked to shoulder and elbow injuries in young baseball pitchers. Reduced hip external rotation and non-dominant ankle plantar flexion were observed in injured pitchers.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Youth baseball pitchers are susceptible to shoulder and elbow injuries.
- Understanding biomechanical factors contributing to these injuries is crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) and throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary school baseball pitchers.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective comparative study included 195 baseball pitchers aged 8-12 years.
- Physical function measurements included height, weight, shoulder strength, and hip and ankle ROM.
- Injuries were defined by self-reported shoulder or elbow pain; injured and non-injured groups were compared.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in shoulder ROM or strength were found between injured and non-injured groups.
- Injured pitchers showed significantly lower hip external rotation (dominant side) and hip internal rotation (non-dominant side).
- Lower ankle plantar flexion (non-dominant side) was also significantly associated with injuries in the injured group.
Conclusions:
- Reduced hip external rotation (dominant side) and non-dominant hip internal rotation and ankle plantar flexion are linked to shoulder and elbow injuries in young pitchers.
- These findings suggest potential targets for injury prevention strategies in youth baseball.
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