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Related Concept Videos

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Transgenic Plants

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Genome editing reagent delivery in plants.

Rishikesh Ghogare1, Yvonne Ludwig2, Gela Myan Bueno2

  • 1Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.

Transgenic Research
|March 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

DNA-free genome editing offers a faster route to crop improvement for global food security. Novel delivery methods, particularly using ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), are advancing non-transgenic approaches in plants.

Keywords:
AgrobacteriumCRISPR/Cas9Gene gunGenome editingNanoparticlesNon-transgenic genome editingRibonucleoproteinViral delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional plant genome editing relies on plasmid vectors and Agrobacterium or particle bombardment, necessitating regulatory approval for genetically modified organisms.
  • Developing efficient and regulatory-friendly crop improvement strategies is crucial for addressing global food security challenges in a changing climate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and summarize innovative DNA-free genome editing reagent delivery approaches for plant applications.
  • To highlight the potential of non-transgenic genome editing for rapid crop improvement and its future implications in higher plants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current DNA-free genome editing techniques, focusing on the use of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.
  • Discussion of explant choices, particularly protoplasts, and the associated challenges in plant regeneration.
  • Exploration of in planta editing strategies and the adaptation of animal system methodologies for plant applications.

Main Results:

  • DNA-free editing reagents, primarily RNPs, enable gene editing without producing genetically modified plants, bypassing regulatory hurdles.
  • Protoplasts show high editing efficiency but face challenges in whole plant regeneration.
  • In planta editing methods offer promising avenues for heritable genetic modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Non-transgenic genome editing, especially using DNA-free methods like RNPs, is a viable strategy for accelerated crop improvement.
  • Overcoming regeneration challenges from edited cells and adapting novel delivery systems will be key to routine application in crop plants.
  • The adoption of these advanced techniques is expected to make non-transgenic genome editing a standard practice in higher plants.