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A Mixed-Methods Study After Multiple Disasters: September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks and
Sascha K Garrey1, Aminotu A Ogunyemi1, Lisa M Gargano1
1World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York, USA.
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
|March 17, 2021
Summary
Hurricane Sandy survivors reporting financial stress or lack of information experienced higher stress levels. Qualitative analysis of written responses revealed key themes impacting mental health post-disaster.
Area of Science:
- Disaster mental health
- Psychological impact of natural disasters
- Mixed-methods research
Background:
- Natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy can have significant, lasting mental health impacts on survivors.
- Understanding the nuances of survivor experiences is crucial for effective disaster response and mental health support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between qualitative themes in survivor narratives and their reported stress levels after Hurricane Sandy.
- To apply a mixed-method approach to uncover deeper insights into disaster-related psychological outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A survey of 1202 World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees 5-12 months post-Hurricane Sandy.
- Qualitative content analysis of free-response answers and quantitative assessment of stress levels.
- Mixed-methods analysis using ANOVA to compare thematic codes with mean stress scores.
Main Results:
- Seven distinct themes were identified from qualitative analysis.
- Themes of "lack of information," "negative emotional response," and "financial stress" were associated with significantly higher mean stress scores.
- The theme of "patriotism/gratitude" was linked to lower mean stress scores compared to other themes.
Conclusions:
- Mixed-methods research provides valuable depth to understanding post-disaster mental health.
- Identifying modifiable factors, such as improving disaster communication, can potentially enhance mental health outcomes.
- This study highlights specific themes that correlate with stress, informing future disaster mental health interventions.
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