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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) and ephedrine: a dangerous liasion
Rita Graça1, Francisco A Lobo2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CHTMAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Abstract:
The Analgesia Nociception Index is a dimensionless scale derived from the heart rate variability; by analyzing the heart rate variability oscillations, it reflects the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and ultimately helps to evaluate the Nociception-Antinociception balance during anesthesia and surgery. Drugs like ephedrine affect the heart rate variability inducing artifacts in the ANI readings which should be taken into account in the clinical practice and in clinical research.
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