Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.7K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.7K
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

42.6K
Overview
42.6K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.2K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.2K
Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

75.0K
75.0K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

14.9K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
14.9K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

17.3K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Social determinants of vulnerability to nitrogen oxide- and sulfur dioxide-related bone damage among postmenopausal women in the United States.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Asymmetric Interfacial Dynamics during Oblique Impact of Two Unequal-Sized Nanodroplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions for transcriptome-wide association studies and highlight new schizophrenia-associated genes.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

Genetic Pathways Point to the Biology Underlying the Association Between Cannabis Use Disorder and Psychosis.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

Schizophrenia risk gene ZNF804A controls ribosome localization and synaptogenesis in developing human neurons.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

23.2K

Transcriptome-wide association study reveals two genes that influence mismatch negativity.

Anjali Bhat1, Haritz Irizar2, Johan Hilge Thygesen2

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.

Cell Reports
|March 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genetics of mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological response, were explored. Two genes, FAM89A and ENGASE, were linked to MMN, supporting its use as a psychosis endophenotype.

Keywords:
Bayesian brainMMNendophenotypegene expressionmismatch negativityneurodevelopmentprediction errorpsychosisschizophreniatranscriptome-wide association study

More Related Videos

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
11:35

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Published on: August 21, 2016

13.2K
Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

23.2K
Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
11:35

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Published on: August 21, 2016

13.2K
Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological response reflecting cortical adaptability to auditory changes.
  • MMN is attenuated in individuals with psychosis, suggesting its potential as a psychosis endophenotype.
  • The genetic underpinnings of MMN remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of MMN using a transcriptome-wide association study.
  • To identify genes associated with MMN and explore their developmental expression patterns.
  • To evaluate MMN as a psychosis endophenotype compared to other established measures.

Main Methods:

  • A transcriptome-wide association study was conducted on 728 individuals.
  • Enrichment analyses examined neurodevelopmental expression signatures of MMN-associated genes.
  • MMN was compared with lateral ventricular volume and auditory-verbal learning measures for endophenotype ranking.

Main Results:

  • Two genes, FAM89A and ENGASE, were identified with expression linked to MMN.
  • Genes associated with MMN show prenatal frontal cortex overexpression and adult downregulation.
  • MMN demonstrated superior endophenotype ranking compared to other candidate measures.

Conclusions:

  • This study identifies novel genetic associations for MMN, specifically FAM89A and ENGASE.
  • Findings suggest dynamic developmental regulation of MMN-related genes in the cortex.
  • MMN is strongly supported as a valuable psychosis endophenotype due to its genetic links and ranking.