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Shadow pitching deviates ball release position: kinematic analysis in high school baseball pitchers.

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Shadow pitching deviates from normal throwing, potentially increasing injury risk. Setting a target for ball release position in shadow pitching reduces this deviation, aiding rehabilitation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Shadow pitching (towel drill) is used in pitching disorder rehabilitation but differs from normal throwing.
  • Improper motion during ball release (BR) in shadow pitching may increase shoulder joint forces and lead to injuries.
  • No prior studies have focused on the BR position during shadow pitching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate BR position and kinematic differences between shadow pitching and normal throwing.
  • To examine the effect of a target guide for BR position on throwing motion during shadow pitching.

Main Methods:

  • 20 healthy, overhand, right-handed pitchers performed normal throwing, shadow pitching, and target-guided shadow pitching.
  • A motion capture system analyzed kinematic differences, including joint angles and BR position.

Main Results:

  • Shadow pitching (without a target) significantly shifted BR anteriorly, leftward, and downward compared to normal throwing (24% deviation).
  • Target-guided shadow pitching reduced BR deviation (14% deviation from normal).
  • Shadow pitching showed increased shoulder abduction/adduction and spine flexion/rotation compared to normal throwing, with target-guided pitching showing fewer differences.

Conclusions:

  • Shadow pitching's BR position deviates significantly from normal throwing, potentially impacting throwing biomechanics.
  • Setting an accurate BR target during shadow pitching exercises can reduce deviation.
  • Accurate BR target setting is crucial for effective shadow pitching in pitching disorder rehabilitation.