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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

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Erratum.

Chang Li1, Shuohui Gao1, Xiaoping Li2

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.

Oncology Research
|March 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Procaine (PCA) shows anticancer effects against colon cancer by inhibiting cell viability and migration while promoting apoptosis. PCA targets RhoA and inactivates the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways, offering a potential therapeutic strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality.
  • Chemotherapy is a primary treatment for colon cancer.
  • Procaine (PCA), a local anesthetic, has shown potential anticancer activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anticancer effects of PCA on colon cancer cells.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCA's action.

Main Methods:

  • Cell viability assays
  • Apoptosis assays
  • Cell cycle analysis
  • Western blotting for RhoA, cyclins, and signaling pathway proteins (ERK, p38MAPK, FAK)
  • Cell migration assays
  • Rescue experiments with PCA+pc-RhoA and pathway inhibitors

Main Results:

  • PCA significantly inhibited HCT116 cell viability, induced apoptosis, and arrested cells in the G1 phase.
  • PCA downregulated RhoA, cyclin D1, and cyclin E expression, and inhibited cell migration.
  • PCA inactivated ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways, effects reversed by pc-RhoA and pathway inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • PCA exhibits significant anticancer properties against colon cancer cells.
  • The mechanism involves RhoA regulation, impacting cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
  • PCA inactivates the ERK/MAPK/FAK signaling cascade, presenting a novel therapeutic avenue.