Advances in pediatric acute kidney injury

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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

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Rupesh Raina1,2, Ronith Chakraborty3,4, Abhishek Tibrewal4

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA. rraina@akronchildrens.org.

Pediatric Research
|March 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Recent advances in pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) improve survival. This review covers new epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, diagnostics, and management for children with AKI.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Renal Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant challenge in hospitalized children.
  • Diagnosis and management of pediatric AKI require specialized approaches.
  • Recent innovations aim to improve outcomes for children with AKI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, diagnostics, and management.
  • To inform pediatric nephrologists on the latest developments in AKI care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar (2000-May 2020).
  • Inclusion of pediatric (0-18 years) English-language articles.
  • Meta-analysis of AKI incidence, mortality, and kidney replacement therapy rates.
  • Review of pathophysiology, biomarkers, definitions, diagnostics, and management.

Main Results:

  • AKI is common in hospitalized children, posing diagnostic and management challenges.
  • New standardized definitions and advanced diagnostic tools are emerging.
  • Novel management strategies are enhancing survival benefits for pediatric AKI patients.
  • Meta-analysis provided pooled estimates for AKI incidence and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Innovations in AKI care are improving survival in children.
  • Understanding recent advances in epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, diagnostics, and management is crucial.
  • This review synthesizes key developments for pediatric nephrologists.

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