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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Cellular Senescence in Brain Aging.

Ewa Sikora1, Anna Bielak-Zmijewska1, Magdalena Dudkowska1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|March 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cellular senescence, characterized by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contributes to brain aging and cognitive decline. Senolytics, which eliminate senescent cells, show promise in improving cognitive function by targeting brain plasticity.

Keywords:
autophagybrain agingcellular senescencecognitive impairmentneuroinflammationneuronal plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Brain aging is associated with cognitive decline and changes in neuronal plasticity, particularly affecting dendritic spines.
  • Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in aging and age-related diseases, with emerging evidence for its role in brain aging.
  • Senescent cells exhibit a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and other hallmarks like altered morphology and impaired proteostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of senescent brain cells, including neurons and glial cells, in brain aging and cognitive impairment.
  • To investigate the potential of senolytics in ameliorating age-related cognitive decline by targeting neuronal plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular senescence, brain aging, neuronal plasticity, and senolytics.
  • Discussion of the characteristics of senescent cells in the brain, including glial and post-mitotic neurons.
  • Analysis of evidence suggesting senolytics can improve cognitive function in animal models.

Main Results:

  • Accumulating evidence suggests cellular senescence contributes to brain aging and cognitive dysfunction.
  • Both glial cells and non-proliferating neurons can exhibit senescence hallmarks, including SASP.
  • Senolytics have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognitive abilities in mouse models of aging.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence is a potential driver of brain aging and associated cognitive impairments.
  • Senolytics represent a promising therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive decline by targeting senescent cells in the brain.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which neuronal plasticity is affected by senescence and senolytic treatment.