Emergence and characterization of a putative novel human adenovirus recombinant HAdV-C104 causing pneumonia in Southern China
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Tianxing Ji1, Ling Li2, Wenrui Li3
1Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, P. R. China.
Abstract:
In 2017, a survey of the molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in Southern China based on hexon and fiber genotype demonstrated that the most prevalent genotypes of HAdV were HAdV-3 (n = 62), HAdV-2 (n = 21), and HAdV-7 (n = 16). In addition, two patients were co-infected with two genotypes of HAdV. Interestingly, a novel human adenovirus C recombinant genotype strain was isolated from one of the pneumonia patients in this survey. Phylogenetic, recombination, and proteotyping analysis showed that this novel pathogen originated from the recombination of parental viruses harboring the HAdV-1 penton and hexon gene, and the HAdV-2 fiber gene. It was named 'P1H1F2' and was assigned as HAdV-C104 based on the nomenclature protocol of using three major capsid proteins for characterization. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that HAdV-C104 had comparable proliferation capacity to HAdV-1, HAdV-2, and another recombination genotype P1H2F2. In addition, the HAdV-C104 infected patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and recovered after antiviral therapy. This report strengthens the hypothesis of recombination as a major pathway for the molecular evolution of HAdV-C species.
Insights
A novel human adenovirus C strain, HAdV-C104, was identified in Southern China. This recombinant virus, formed by gene recombination, showed similar proliferation to other strains and caused pneumonia in one patient.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections pose a significant public health concern.
- Understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HAdVs is crucial for disease control.
- Recombination is a known mechanism driving viral evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV infections in Southern China.
- To identify and characterize novel HAdV strains, particularly recombinant ones.
- To explore the evolutionary pathways of HAdV-C species.
Main Methods:
- Molecular epidemiology survey of HAdV infections.
- Genotyping based on hexon and fiber genes.
- Phylogenetic analysis, recombination analysis, and proteotyping.
- In vitro experiments to assess viral proliferation capacity.
Main Results:
- HAdV-3, HAdV-2, and HAdV-7 were the most prevalent genotypes.
- A novel recombinant HAdV-C strain, designated HAdV-C104 (P1H1F2), was isolated.
- HAdV-C104 exhibited comparable in vitro proliferation to reference strains.
- The patient infected with HAdV-C104 was diagnosed with pneumonia and recovered.
Conclusions:
- Recombination is a significant driver of molecular evolution in HAdV-C species.
- Novel recombinant HAdV strains can emerge and potentially cause disease.
- Continued surveillance of HAdV epidemiology and evolution is warranted.
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