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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Bipolar disorder and cannabis use: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Oskar Hougaard Jefsen1,2, Maria Speed1,2, Doug Speed3,4,5

  • 1Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.

Addiction Biology
|March 18, 2021
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Summary

Bipolar disorder liability causally increases the risk of cannabis use. However, cannabis use liability does not increase the risk of bipolar disorder, suggesting a one-way causal relationship.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationbipolar disordercannabis

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Cannabis use is linked to psychiatric disorders, but causality is unclear.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) can infer causality using genetic predictors.
  • Previous MR studies have not examined bipolar disorder and cannabis use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between bipolar disorder and lifetime cannabis use.
  • To address a gap in the literature regarding cannabis use and bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for genetic instruments (SNPs).
  • Employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and Egger regression methods.

Main Results:

  • Genetic liability to bipolar disorder significantly increased the risk of lifetime cannabis use.
  • Genetic liability to lifetime cannabis use showed no association with bipolar disorder risk.
  • Sensitivity analyses found no evidence of pleiotropic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a causal effect of bipolar disorder liability on initiating cannabis use.
  • No evidence suggests cannabis use liability causally affects bipolar disorder risk.
  • Adds crucial knowledge to the complex interplay between cannabis and psychiatric disorders.