Unexplained ascites caused by myeloid sarcoma with omentum involvement

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology

Background:

• Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor composed of myeloid blasts.
• It can occur de novo or secondary to acute myeloid leukemia.
• Omental involvement is rare, and ascites is an uncommon primary presentation.

Observation:

• A case of myeloid sarcoma involving the omentum was identified.
• The patient's main clinical manifestation was ascites.
• Intestinal obstruction was not the predominant symptom.

Findings:

• The identified myeloid sarcoma case presented with ascites.
• This contrasts with previously reported cases where intestinal obstruction was a key feature.
• Histopathological examination confirmed myeloid sarcoma of the omentum.

Implications:

• This case expands the spectrum of clinical presentations for omental myeloid sarcoma.
• It highlights the importance of considering myeloid sarcoma in patients with unexplained ascites.
• Further research is needed to understand the diverse clinical behaviors of extramedullary myeloid tumors.