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Association of HLA-DRB1*09:01 with severe COVID-19

Alitzel Anzurez1,2, Izumi Naka3, Shoji Miki1

  • 1AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

HLA
|March 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene HLA-DRB1*09:01 is linked to severe COVID-19 in Japanese patients. This genetic factor poses a higher risk for severe disease than common comorbidities.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 outcomes are influenced by genetic factors.
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes play a critical role in immune response.
  • Understanding genetic predispositions is key to managing COVID-19 severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genotypes and severe COVID-19 in a Japanese cohort.
  • To identify potential genetic markers that predict severe disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping analysis of HLA-A, -C, -B, and -DRB1 loci in 178 Japanese COVID-19 patients.
  • Statistical analysis to determine the association of common HLA alleles with disease severity, adjusting for covariates.
  • Comparison of genetic associations with the risk posed by pre-existing medical conditions.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between the HLA-DRB1*09:01 allele and increased risk of severe COVID-19 (OR, 3.62; p=0.00251).
  • This genetic association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and other DRB1 alleles.
  • The risk conferred by HLA-DRB1*09:01 was more pronounced than that of common comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The HLA-DRB1*09:01 allele may predispose individuals to severe COVID-19.
  • HLA genotype represents a significant factor in COVID-19 disease severity, potentially more so than certain comorbidities.
  • Further research into HLA's role in COVID-19 pathogenesis is warranted.

Keywords:
Japanassociationcoronavirus disease 2019human leukocyte antigenrisk factorsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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