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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Marking multiple meanings: Salience and context effects.

Shir Givoni1, Dafna Bergerbest2, Rachel Giora3

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Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
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Certain markers can introduce ambiguity rather than clarify meaning, favoring less common interpretations. This research supports the Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis, showing a preference for less-familiar meanings when marked.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Pragmatics

Background:

  • Previous research (Katz & Ferretti, 2003) established that linguistic markers introduce proverbs and signal intended interpretations.
  • This study investigates how certain markers influence the processing of ambiguous utterances, moving beyond simple disambiguation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the effect of specific linguistic markers on the interpretation of ambiguous phrases.
  • To test the Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis, which posits that markers can enhance less common meanings.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two offline questionnaire studies and one online reading task experiment in Hebrew.
  • Embedded marked ambiguous utterances within contexts favoring the salient meaning.
  • Analyzed interpretation preferences and reading times in relation to the Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Results support the Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis, demonstrating a preference for low-salience meanings.
  • Observed faster reading times for low-salience meanings when preceded by specific markers compared to control conditions.
  • Indicated that certain markers can promote ambiguation rather than disambiguation.

Conclusions:

  • Linguistic marking can shift interpretation towards less frequent, less conventional meanings (low-salience meanings).
  • The findings challenge the assumption that markers solely serve to disambiguate, highlighting their role in promoting nuanced understanding.
  • Supports the Graded Salience Hypothesis regarding the processing of meanings based on their salience.