[Clinical implications of the genus Mycoplasma]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Mycoplasma species are significant human pathogens.
• Traditionally, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum are recognized causes of infection.
• Numerous other Mycoplasma species also inhabit humans, but their clinical relevance is often underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively identify all Mycoplasma species isolated from human hosts.
• To elucidate the spectrum of infectious diseases associated with various Mycoplasma species.
• To raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the broader Mycoplasma genus.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies reporting Mycoplasma isolation in humans.
• Analysis of clinical data associated with identified Mycoplasma species.
• Categorization of species based on their established or potential role in human infections.

Main Results:

• Identification of a wide range of Mycoplasma species beyond the commonly known ones.
• Documentation of the association of these species with diverse infectious conditions.
• Highlighting the under-recognition of certain Mycoplasma species in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

• The Mycoplasma genus encompasses a greater diversity of human-associated species than commonly appreciated.
• A broader understanding of Mycoplasma species is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management of infectious diseases.
• Further research is warranted to fully characterize the pathogenicity of less-studied Mycoplasma species.