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Terrain and its effects on fog occurrence.

Iva Hůnová1, Marek Brabec2, Marek Malý2

  • 1Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4, Komorany, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

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Summary

Terrain significantly impacts fog occurrence, with altitude being the most crucial factor. This study reveals a general decrease in fog probability over time, varying by elevation and season.

Keywords:
1981–2017AltitudeCurvatureFogGeneralized additive modelRomaniaSeasonalitySeasonality deformationSlopeTerrainTrend

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric physics and chemistry
  • Environmental science
  • Climatology

Background:

  • Fog is a complex atmospheric phenomenon influencing nutrient and pollutant deposition.
  • Fog occurrence is influenced by various environmental factors.
  • Understanding terrain's role in fog formation is crucial for atmospheric studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of terrain variables (altitude, slope, landform) on fog occurrence probability.
  • To analyze how these variables modify the trend and seasonal patterns of fog.
  • To assess long-term changes in fog probability across different Romanian environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a generalized additive model to analyze fog occurrence data.
  • Employed long-term daily fog records from 56 meteorological stations in Romania (1981-2017).
  • Incorporated terrain data including altitude (13-2504 m), slope, and landform.

Main Results:

  • Altitude demonstrated the most significant influence on fog occurrence probability.
  • A notable decrease in the overall probability of fog occurrence was observed over the study period.
  • Fog behavior varied with altitude, with pronounced effects on ground-level fog and fog over flat terrain.
  • Seasonal variations in fog probability were most evident in summer and autumn.

Conclusions:

  • Terrain, particularly altitude, plays a critical role in determining fog occurrence.
  • Long-term trends indicate a declining probability of fog, with differential impacts across altitudes and seasons.
  • The findings enhance our understanding of fog dynamics and their relationship with geographical features.