Hand functionality in dentists: the effect of anthropometric dimensions and specialty

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dentists' hand functionality (handgrip, tip-to-tip pinch, key pinch and palmar pinch strengths) and dental specialty (maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, pediatric dentistry), socio-demographic factors and hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions. Methods. A cross-sectional study was designed in which 720 certified dentists (330 males and 390 females) voluntarily participated in the study. A tape measure (±0.1 cm) and a digital caliper (±0.1 mm) were used to measure anthropometric dimensions. A Jamar dynamometer and pinch gauge were used to measure hand strength variables. Results. Hand strengths decreased with age and clinical experience, and were always greater in male than female dentists. Maxillofacial surgeons aged 35-39 years attained the highest values of handgrip and key pinch strengths, while endodontists aged 30-34 years attained the peak values of tip-to-tip pinch strength. Among the measured hand dimensions, forearm circumference was significantly greater in maxillofacial surgeons compared with endodontists and pediatric dentists. Conclusion. Hand functionality is specialty-related among dentists because distinct dental specialties expose practitioners to different task demands. Like any other manual workers, dentists need more ergonomic and usable hand tools tailored not only to the intended application but also to the anthropometry of users.