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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

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Sublingual vaccination and delivery systems.

A L Paris1, E Colomb1, B Verrier1

  • 1Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sublingual vaccines offer a needle-free approach to generate robust immunity. This review explores innovations enhancing sublingual vaccine delivery for improved mucosal protection against pathogens.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsMucoadhesionMucosal vaccinesSublingual delivery systems

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Mucosal tissues are primary entry points for infectious agents, necessitating effective defense mechanisms.
  • Mucosal vaccines trigger antibody-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell responses for pathogen protection.
  • Sublingual vaccination presents advantages like systemic/mucosal immunity and needle-free administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in sublingual vaccine delivery systems.
  • To highlight improvements in mucoadhesion and penetration for buccal mucosa administration.
  • To detail immune mechanisms and requirements for effective sublingual immunization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on sublingual vaccine delivery systems.
  • Analysis of immune responses elicited by sublingual immunization.
  • Evaluation of strategies to overcome buccal mucosa challenges.

Main Results:

  • Innovative approaches have demonstrated the potential for robust protective immunity via sublingual vaccines.
  • Improvements in vaccine components and delivery enhance mucoadhesion and penetration.
  • Sublingual vaccination can induce both local and remote mucosal immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Sublingual vaccination is a promising needle-free strategy for inducing comprehensive mucosal immunity.
  • Continued innovation in delivery systems is crucial for optimizing sublingual vaccine efficacy.
  • Understanding immune mechanisms is key to developing effective sublingual immunization protocols.