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Characterizing the Qatar advanced-phase SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

Laith J Abu-Raddad1,2,3, Hiam Chemaitelly4,5, Houssein H Ayoub6

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This study details the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Qatar, finding a declining trend possibly due to increasing population immunity. Age was the primary risk factor for severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Qatar experienced a significant epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • Understanding the epidemic's descriptive epidemiology is crucial for public health response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Qatar.
  • To identify risk factors for severe, critical, or fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized national databases for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing and case data up to July 10, 2020.
  • Conducted national community surveys and workplace/residential testing campaigns.
  • Analyzed residual clinical blood specimens for SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative PCR positivity rate was 27.9% (110,986/397,577 individuals).
  • Case severity rate was 3.4%, and case fatality rate was 1.4 per 1,000 persons, with age as the strongest predictor.
  • Antibody prevalence reached 24.0% in the general population, higher in PCR-positive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Qatar experienced a large SARS-CoV-2 epidemic that showed signs of decline.
  • Growing population immunity may have contributed to the epidemic's decline.
  • Age remains a critical factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes.