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Related Concept Videos

Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

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A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
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The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
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In any LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system, the convolution of two signals is denoted using a convolution operator, assuming all initial conditions are zero. The convolution integral can be divided into two parts: the zero-input or natural response and the zero-state or forced response, with t0 indicating the initial time.
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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Convolution computations can be simplified by utilizing their inherent properties.
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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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A new image encryption algorithm based on the OF-LSTMS and chaotic sequences.

Yi He1, Ying-Qian Zhang2, Xin He3

  • 1City Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China.

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|March 19, 2021
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This study introduces a new image encryption algorithm using Once Forward Long Short Term Memory Structure (OF-LSTMS) and a Two-Dimensional Coupled Map Lattice (2DCML) fractional-order chaotic system. The novel method enhances security and efficiency in image encryption.

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Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Computer Science
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Image encryption is crucial for secure data transmission.
  • Existing methods face challenges in balancing security and efficiency.
  • Chaotic systems offer potential for robust encryption due to their complex dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel image encryption algorithm.
  • To enhance the security and efficiency of image encryption.
  • To leverage the properties of OF-LSTMS and 2DCML fractional-order chaotic systems.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed algorithm divides images into blocks, processing them with OF-LSTMS.
  • Chaotic sequences from 2DCML fractional-order chaotic system initialize OF-LSTMS parameters.
  • Simultaneous permutation and diffusion operations are achieved by altering pixel values and positions.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm synchronizes permutation and diffusion operations for improved efficiency.
  • The 2DCML fractional-order chaotic system provides superior chaotic ergodicity and larger chaotic sequence values.
  • Simulation results demonstrate higher security and efficiency compared to existing schemes.

Conclusions:

  • The novel image encryption algorithm offers a significant improvement in security and efficiency.
  • The combination of OF-LSTMS and 2DCML fractional-order chaotic systems is highly suitable for image encryption.
  • The proposed scheme addresses limitations of traditional image encryption methods.