Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.2K

Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer

Poshita-Kumari Seesaha1, Kang-Xin Wang2, Guo-Qun Wang2

  • 1Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.

Oncotargets and Therapy
|March 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise for biliary tract cancer (BTC) treatment. This review explores their benefits, predictive biomarkers, and challenges for advanced BTC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is aggressive and often diagnosed at advanced stages.
  • Current treatments like chemotherapy offer limited efficacy for BTC.
  • Targeted therapies for BTC are still under clinical investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in BTC treatment.
  • To identify predictive biomarkers for ICI efficacy in BTC.
  • To discuss the combination of ICIs with other anti-tumor therapies for BTC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on ICIs for BTC.
  • Analysis of data on programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors.
  • Evaluation of predictive biomarkers and combination therapy strategies.

Main Results:

  • ICIs targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 demonstrate potential in treating advanced BTC.
  • Specific biomarkers are being investigated to predict patient response to ICIs.
  • Combination therapies involving ICIs show promise but require further validation.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a potential new therapeutic avenue for biliary tract cancer.
  • Further research is needed to optimize ICI use and identify predictive biomarkers.
  • Addressing challenges in ICI application is crucial for improving outcomes in BTC patients.
Keywords:
biliary tract cancerclinical evidenceimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapypredictive biomarkers

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis07:32

Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.7K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

983

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
824
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.1K