Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia With Progression to Neuroendocrine Tumor

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare lung disease.
• DIPNECH involves the proliferation of neuroendocrine cells in the bronchial wall.
• It is recognized as a precursor to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Observation:

• A 95-year-old woman presented with progressive exertional dyspnea.
• She had obstructive airway syndrome and bilateral pulmonary nodules.
• Imaging suggested DIPNECH with possible progression to NET.

Findings:

• Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy confirmed a NET diagnosis.
• The NET was observed to be evolving from DIPNECH.
• This case highlights the progression from DIPNECH to NET.

Implications:

• DIPNECH should be considered in patients with unexplained pulmonary nodules and dyspnea.
• Early diagnosis and monitoring of DIPNECH may be crucial.
• Understanding DIPNECH progression aids in NET management and treatment strategies.