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Development-Dependent Plasticity in Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Neurons in the Infralimbic Cortex.

Stuart A Collins1, Ipe Ninan1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.

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Adolescence alters brain plasticity, diminishing threat extinction crucial for anxiety regulation. Researchers found changes in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide interneurons (VIPINs) in the adolescent brain may underlie these effects and sex differences in anxiety.

Keywords:
GABAVIP neuronsadolescenceinfralimbic cortexsynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders often emerge during adolescence, a period marked by reduced threat extinction.
  • This diminished extinction correlates with altered synaptic plasticity in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL-mPFC).
  • The precise mechanisms driving adolescent IL-mPFC plasticity remain elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adolescence-specific plasticity in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expressing interneurons (VIPINs) within the IL-mPFC.
  • To explore the role of VIPINs in regulating cortical plasticity during this developmental stage.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in male and female mice.
  • Assessment of GABAergic transmission and neuronal excitability in IL-mPFC VIPINs.
  • Comparison of adolescent and adult mouse brain activity.

Main Results:

  • Adolescent VIPINs exhibited increased GABAergic transmission and decreased excitability.
  • GABAergic transmission between VIPINs and pyramidal neurons was significantly higher in adolescent males than females.
  • These changes suggest a potential role for VIPINs in adolescent IL-mPFC plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescence-specific alterations in VIPINs, including increased GABAergic transmission and reduced excitability, may contribute to impaired threat extinction.
  • Sex differences in VIPIN-mediated GABAergic transmission could be relevant to observed sex differences in anxiety disorders.
  • VIPINs represent a potential target for understanding and treating adolescent-onset neuropsychiatric conditions.