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Resolving the Early Divergence Pattern of Teleost Fish Using Genome-Scale Data.

Naoko Takezaki1

  • 1Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, Japan.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals Elopomorpha, including eels, represent the earliest diverging group of teleost fish. This finding aligns with recent morphological studies, resolving long-standing phylogenetic debates using genome-scale data.

Keywords:
genome-scale dataoutgroupphylogenysequence divergenceteleost fish

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Phylogenetics
  • * Genomics

Background:

  • * The phylogenetic relationships among the three major teleost fish groups—Osteoglossomorpha, Elopomorpha, and Clupeocephala—have been debated, with conflicting hypotheses from morphological and molecular studies.
  • * Previous molecular studies have yielded ambiguous results, supporting various possible evolutionary trees for these groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the phylogenetic position of Elopomorpha as the basal-diverging group within teleost fishes.
  • * To evaluate the impact of species selection, gene number, and sequence divergence on phylogenetic tree reconstruction accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of genome-scale data from four previous studies, encompassing 412 to 1,062 genes and 491 UCE loci across multiple teleost species.
  • * Examination of phylogenetic tree topologies generated using different datasets, species, and evolutionary models.
  • * Application of phylogenetic informativeness and computer simulations to assess data accuracy.

Main Results:

  • * Phylogenetic analyses, particularly those using species and genes with low sequence divergence, consistently supported Elopomorpha as the first diverging group.
  • * Datasets with low sequence divergence, including UCE loci, provided statistically significant support for the basal divergence of Elopomorpha.
  • * Computer simulations confirmed that increased accuracy in phylogenetic construction is achieved with species and genes exhibiting low sequence divergence.

Conclusions:

  • * Elopomorpha represents the earliest diverging lineage within teleost fishes, confirming the prevailing view from recent morphological studies.
  • * The accuracy of phylogenetic inference is significantly influenced by the sequence divergence levels of the employed species and genetic markers.
  • * Genome-scale data, when carefully selected for low sequence divergence, can robustly resolve deep phylogenetic relationships in teleost fishes.