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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

801
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
801
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

903
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

195
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

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Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Indications and Evaluation.

Priyanka Madaan1, Ajay Gupta2, Sheffali Gulati3

  • 1Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) often requires early surgical evaluation. Epilepsy surgery offers a chance for seizure freedom in children refractory to medication, with comprehensive pre-surgical workups guiding treatment strategies.

Keywords:
ChildrenDrug-resistant epilepsyEpilepsy surgeryPre-surgical workup

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common childhood neurological disorder.
  • Nearly one-third of pediatric epilepsy cases are refractory to antiseizure drugs.
  • Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) necessitates evaluation for alternative treatments like surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the workup and surgical candidacy evaluation for pediatric DRE.
  • To highlight the evidence supporting epilepsy surgery in pediatric DRE.
  • To discuss various surgical and neuromodulation options for pediatric DRE.

Main Methods:

  • Pre-surgical evaluation includes high-resolution MRI and video EEG.
  • Advanced imaging like PET, SPECT, and MEG may be used.
  • Functional MRI and invasive EEG monitoring are employed in select cases.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy surgery has Class I evidence for pediatric DRE.
  • Surgical options include resective and disconnective procedures.
  • Neuromodulation techniques like DBS and RNS are also considered.

Conclusions:

  • Early evaluation for pediatric DRE is crucial to prevent cognitive decline and epileptic encephalopathy.
  • Epilepsy surgery can lead to seizure freedom in refractory cases.
  • Careful pre-surgical assessment is vital for optimizing surgical outcomes.