Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence01:23

Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence

1.5K
Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing...
1.5K
Measures of Intelligence01:29

Measures of Intelligence

8.0K
Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
8.0K
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

286
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
286
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

1.9K
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
1.9K
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence01:23

Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence

1.8K
David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence...
1.8K
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

401
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
401

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decreased thickness of the individually-mapped genital cortex after childhood sexual abuse exposure in adult women.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Synthesis and perceptual scaling of high-resolution naturalistic images using Stable Diffusion.

Behavior research methods·2025
Same author

Metabolic inflammation, brain age and cognitive functioning in short- and long-term clinical weight loss trials.

EBioMedicine·2025
Same author

Making the private public: external grounding in inner States.

Physics of life reviews·2025
Same author

Temporal dynamics and readout latency in perception and iconic memory.

Journal of vision·2025
Same author

Males but not females report genital sensations evoked by fixed-parameter stimulation of somatosensory cortex.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025
Same journal

When one part feels, the whole belongs: associations between local touch referral and illusory full-limb ownership in individuals with leg amputation.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory control and mind wandering; more difficult inhibition decreases mind wandering, within limits.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Autism and Aphantasia.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Absolute pitch and sound-color synesthesia provide for unique learning opportunities.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Could we perceive the world differently than we do? Neuroscience-based emergentism and the biological function of consciousness.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Motivational intensity in positive emotion and observation-based false memory: the role of action simulation.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
16:23

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

Published on: February 26, 2014

14.6K

Measuring the mental.

Michael Pauen1, John-Dylan Haynes2

  • 1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Department of Philosophy, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.

Consciousness and Cognition
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extrospective measurement of conscious experience is not fundamentally limited. By comparing with natural sciences, this study proposes a bootstrapping strategy for improving subjective measurement techniques, as seen in pain research.

Keywords:
ConsciousnessExplanatory gapHistory of scienceIntrospectionMeasurementMetacognition, Binocular rivalryPainThird-person access

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.3K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
16:23

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

Published on: February 26, 2014

14.6K
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.3K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • Philosophical arguments suggest subjective experience inherently limits objective, third-person (extrospective) access.
  • This perceived deficit challenges the scientific study of consciousness and first-person experience.
  • Existing extrospective methods are often considered insufficient for capturing the richness of conscious states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that subjective experience creates an insurmountable deficit in extrospective access.
  • To argue that extrospective measurement techniques are comparable to those in natural sciences and can be improved.
  • To propose a development strategy for enhancing extrospective measurement capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of extrospective measurement techniques with established natural science measurement techniques.
  • Rejection of principled philosophical objections against extrospective methods.
  • Historical comparison of extrospective method development with the evolution of physical measurement techniques.
  • Proposal and justification of a 'bootstrapping' strategy for methodological improvement.

Main Results:

  • Extrospective methods do not suffer from a fundamental deficit compared to natural science measurements.
  • Extrospective measurement techniques are in an early developmental stage, analogous to early physical sciences.
  • A bootstrapping strategy, leveraging multiple evidence sources, can significantly advance extrospective measurement.
  • Recent developments in pain measurement demonstrate the successful application of this bootstrapping strategy.

Conclusions:

  • The subjective nature of consciousness does not preclude robust extrospective measurement.
  • Extrospective methods can be systematically improved through strategies proven effective in other scientific domains.
  • The advancement of pain measurement exemplifies the potential for significant progress in understanding subjective experience.