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The SNARC effect occurs in the response-selection stage.

Lizhu Yan1, Guochun Yang2, Weizhi Nan1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.

Acta Psychologica
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The SNARC effect occurs in the response-selection stage, similar to the Simon effect, according to dimensional overlap (DO) theory. This finding clarifies the processing stage of the SNARC effect by examining interactions between stimulus-response compatible effects.

Keywords:
Dimensional overlapProcessing stageResponse-selectionSNARC

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Dimensional Overlap (DO) theory classifies stimulus-response effects into stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) types.
  • S-S effects (e.g., manual Stroop) occur during semantic representation, while S-R effects (e.g., Simon) occur during response selection.
  • The processing stage of the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, an S-R type, is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the processing stage of the SNARC effect.
  • To investigate the interaction between manual Stroop, Simon, and SNARC effects using a modified numeral parity judgment task.
  • To test the predictions of the dimensional overlap (DO) theory regarding S-S and S-R effect interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified numeral parity judgment task to simultaneously elicit manual Stroop, Simon, and SNARC effects.
  • Employed additive-factor logic, where interaction between effects indicates shared processing stages.
  • Conducted two experiments with different sets of target numbers to ensure robustness of findings.

Main Results:

  • Manual Stroop, Simon, and SNARC effects were consistently observed, with longer response times and higher error rates in incongruent conditions.
  • A significant interaction was found exclusively between the SNARC and Simon effects.
  • No interaction was observed between the manual Stroop and Simon effects, nor between the manual Stroop and SNARC effects.

Conclusions:

  • The SNARC effect, like the Simon effect, is confirmed to occur in the response-selection stage.
  • The observed non-interactions support the independence of S-S and S-R effects as proposed by DO theory.
  • Findings provide further empirical support for the dimensional overlap theory's classification of stimulus-response compatible effects.