Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

17.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
17.4K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.4K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.4K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

14.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
14.7K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

16.7K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
16.7K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

4.1K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
4.1K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

9.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete genome sequences of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> clone C strains 8277, PT31M, and SG50M isolated from the urinary tract and anthropogenic water environments.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026
Same author

Proteostasis-targeted antibacterial strategies.

Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)·2026
Same author

Light scattering-based screening method for rapid evaluating antibiotic effects on bacteria using laser speckle imaging.

Journal of biological engineering·2025
Same author

Cell Metabolism 20th anniversary Voices: Part 3 of 3.

Cell metabolism·2025
Same author

Identification of host genetic factors modulating β-lactam resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> harbouring plasmid-borne β-lactamase through transposon-sequencing.

Emerging microbes & infections·2025
Same author

Phyletic patterns of bacterial growth temperature in <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> reveal gradual and sporadic evolution towards cold adaptation.

ISME communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

681

Aging: All roads lead to mitochondria.

Jyung Mean Son1, Changhan Lee2

  • 1Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|March 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria, vital cellular powerhouses, are key to aging and disease. Research now focuses on their complex roles beyond energy production, including communication and regulation, especially in high-energy tissues like the brain.

Keywords:
AgingCommunicationGenomic instabilityImmunityInflammationLongevityMitochondriaMitochondrial-derived peptidesMitonuclearOxidative stress

More Related Videos

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.3K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

681
Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.3K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria, identified in 1890, are essential intracellular structures with complex roles in cellular processes.
  • The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA) proposed aging results from mitochondrial DNA damage.
  • Recent research challenges MFRTA, exploring mitochondria's broader roles in aging and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of mitochondria's function in cellular regulation and aging.
  • To highlight mitochondria's role as communication hubs coordinating physiological processes.
  • To examine the impact of age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in high-energy demand tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mitochondrial research over the past century.
  • Analysis of current theories on mitochondria's contribution to aging and age-related diseases.
  • Focus on the interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in cellular regulation.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles with remnants of bacterial ancestry, including an independent genome.
  • Mitochondria act as regulatory hubs, communicating and coordinating vital physiological processes.
  • Age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction disproportionately affects high-energy demand tissues like the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are central to understanding aging and age-related diseases.
  • Their role extends beyond bioenergetics to encompass complex regulatory functions.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction presents therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities, especially for neurological disorders.