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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Osteogenesis imperfecta tooth level phenotype analysis: Cross-sectional study.

Doaa Taqi1, Hanan Moussa2, Timothy Schwinghamer3

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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|March 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) dental anomalies like tooth discoloration and pulp obliteration vary by genetic variants and age. Genetic factors are better predictors of dental phenotype than OI type.

Keywords:
Connective tissueDentinDentinogenesisOral medicineOsteogenesis ImperfectaTooth abnormalities

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Dentistry
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta Research

Background:

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by bone fragility.
  • Dental anomalies, including tooth discoloration, pulp obliteration, and taurodontism, are common in OI patients but exhibit significant variability.
  • Understanding these dental manifestations at an individual tooth level is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the dental phenotype in Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients at the individual tooth type level.
  • To investigate the associations between specific genetic variants, OI types, and dental anomalies.
  • To determine the predictive value of genetic variants versus OI type for dental phenotype expression.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 171 individuals with OI types I, III, and IV (aged 3-55 years).
  • Evaluation of tooth discoloration, pulp obliteration, and taurodontism using intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs.
  • Genetic variant identification in 154 participants.

Main Results:

  • Genetic variants, particularly helical α1 and α2 glycine substitutions, were associated with high tooth discoloration prevalence, while α1 Haploinsufficiency showed the lowest.
  • C-propeptide variants correlated with the highest pulp obliteration rates (~20%) but not discoloration.
  • Tooth discoloration and pulp obliteration were more prevalent in OI types III and IV, increased with age, and were associated with thinner enamel and first molars, respectively. A significant association was found between pulp obliteration, tooth discoloration, and lack of occlusal contact.
  • Taurodontism was observed only in permanent teeth, primarily first molars, with prevalence decreasing with age.

Conclusions:

  • Dental phenotype in OI is influenced differently by genetic variants and clinical phenotypes across tooth types, with genetic variants being superior predictors compared to OI type.
  • Tooth discoloration is likely an optical effect related to enamel thickness and strongly linked to pulp obliteration.
  • Pulp obliteration is age-dependent, associated with malocclusion, and possibly due to progressive dentin deposition, while taurodontism may indicate delayed pulpal maturation.