Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

7.5K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
7.5K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

5.7K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.7K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

2.7K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
2.7K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

2.6K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
2.6K
Vision01:24

Vision

58.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
58.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.5K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The neuroanatomy of depression: weak but replicable effects in 4021 individuals from three clinical cohorts.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Efficient Prediction of Multicomponent Adsorption Isotherms and Enthalpies of Adsorption in MOFs Using Classical Density Functional Theory.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

The involvement of endogenous brain rhythms in speech processing.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Metaplasticity in swallowing system via cross-modal neurostimulation: A randomized crossover trial with magnetoencephalography.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·2026
Same author

Strategy and Motivation, Rather Than Fatigue, Drive Age-Related Differences in Sustained Attention Performance: Evidence for Decoupled Beta-Band Oscillations.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Beyond one-fluid approximations for the thermodynamics of fluid mixtures.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

2.1K

Top-down control of visual cortex by the frontal eye fields through oscillatory realignment.

Domenica Veniero1, Joachim Gross2, Stephanie Morand3

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. domenica.veniero@nottingham.ac.uk.

Nature Communications
|March 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Top-down signals from the Frontal Eye Fields (FEFs) causally modulate visual perception. FEF activation resets brain oscillations, influencing visual cortex excitability and perception at beta frequency.

More Related Videos

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.6K
Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

24.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

2.1K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.6K
Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

24.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Voluntary visual attention is directed by top-down signals from the Frontal Eye Fields (FEFs).
  • The precise mechanism by which FEFs modulate visual cortex excitability remains unclear.
  • Understanding this mechanism is crucial for elucidating attentional control in vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal link between Frontal Eye Field (FEF) activation and visual cortex activity.
  • To explore the oscillatory mechanisms underlying top-down attentional control.
  • To determine the perceptual consequences and anatomical specificity of FEF-induced modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to activate the FEFs.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded brain oscillations, specifically focusing on occipital sites.
  • Perceptual tasks were employed to assess the impact of FEF stimulation on visual processing.

Main Results:

  • FEF activation induced a phase reset of beta-frequency oscillations over occipital brain regions.
  • This oscillatory realignment cyclically modulated visual perception.
  • FEF stimulation specifically affected extrastriate visual cortex excitability, not primary visual cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down signals from the FEFs causally influence visual cortex activity and perception.
  • Oscillatory realignment in the beta frequency band is a key mechanism for attentional modulation.
  • FEF control over visual processing is anatomically specific, targeting extrastriate areas.