Dietary restriction transforms the mammalian protein persulfidome in a tissue-specific and cystathionine...

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a cytoprotective redox-active metabolite that signals through protein persulfidation (R-SS_nH). Despite the known importance of persulfidation, tissue-specific persulfidome profiles and their associated functions are not well characterized, specifically under conditions and interventions known to modulate H₂S production. We hypothesize that dietary restriction (DR), which increases lifespan and can boost H₂S production, expands tissue-specific persulfidomes. Here, we find protein persulfidation enriched in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain but decreased in heart of young and aged male mice under two forms of DR, with DR promoting persulfidation in numerous metabolic and aging-related pathways. Mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) have overall decreased tissue protein persulfidation numbers and fail to functionally augment persulfidomes in response to DR, predominantly in kidney, muscle, and brain. Here, we define tissue- and CGL-dependent persulfidomes and how diet transforms their makeup, underscoring the breadth for DR and H₂S to impact biological processes and organismal health.