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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

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Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
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Assessment of radial pulse01:11

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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
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Radial Scar: a management dilemma.

Charlotte Marguerite Lucille Trombadori1, Anna D'Angelo2, Francesca Ferrara3

  • 1Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy. charlotte.trombadori@gmail.com.

La Radiologia Medica
|March 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Radial scar (RS) or complex sclerosing lesions (CSL) are benign breast findings that can mimic cancer. This review guides radiologists and pathologists in recognizing RS on imaging and outlines recommended management strategies.

Keywords:
B3-lesionsRadial scarRadial scar managementVacuum-assisted biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pathology
  • Breast Imaging

Background:

  • Radial scar (RS) and complex sclerosing lesions (CSL) are benign breast lesions with increasing diagnostic incidence.
  • These lesions pose diagnostic challenges for both radiologists and pathologists.
  • While digital mammography and tomosynthesis appearances are documented, ultrasound and MRI findings vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical guide for recognizing radial scar (RS) on various imaging modalities.
  • To illustrate the radiological findings associated with RS based on current literature.
  • To delineate the recommended management strategies for RS/CSL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on radial scar (RS) imaging and management.
  • Illustration of radiological findings across digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and MRI.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and sampling error considerations.

Main Results:

  • Radial scar (RS) has variable appearances on ultrasound and growing contribution of MRI in differential diagnosis.
  • Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) with a large core is recommended for percutaneous RS diagnosis due to sampling error risk.
  • Therapeutic excision with VAB is advised for imaging-visible RS/CSL, followed by surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate imaging recognition of radial scar (RS) is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) and subsequent excision are key steps in managing RS/CSL.
  • Surveillance after appropriate management is justified for radial scar (RS) lesions.