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Simulating nitrate release from an unsaturated coal waste rock dump.

Mingbin Huang1, S Lee Barbour2, M Jim Hendry3

  • 1The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study models nitrate release from coal waste rock dumps, predicting complete flushing by 2042. Reclamation covers reduce immediate loading but extend the overall release period.

Keywords:
3-D modelBlast productsDump chronologyReclamation coversSolute transport

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Contaminant release from waste rock dumps impacts water quality.
  • Understanding nitrate (NO3-) release controls is crucial for mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model nitrate release from a coal waste rock dump over 100 years.
  • To assess the impact of construction history and solute transport on nitrate release.
  • To evaluate the effect of reclamation covers on nitrate loading and release duration.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 3D model of a coal waste rock dump in British Columbia.
  • Utilized 21 one-dimensional finite element models for temporal evolution.
  • Simulated nitrate as a conservative species originating from blast products.

Main Results:

  • Simulated nitrate release preceded measured arrival by 8 years due to aquifer displacement.
  • Modelled historical releases, corrected for time lag, align with monitoring data.
  • Peak nitrate effluent concentration predicted for 2008, with flushing complete by 2042.

Conclusions:

  • The model effectively captures dominant hydrogeological and geochemical mechanisms of nitrate release.
  • Reclamation covers decrease annual nitrate loading but prolong release duration.
  • Timing of cover placement has minimal impact on overall release due to extensive dump construction.