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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
Published on: February 22, 2018
How and Why Are Irritability and Depression Linked?
Pablo Vidal-Ribas1, Argyris Stringaris2
1Social and Behavioral Science Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710 Rockledge Drive, Building 6710B, Room 3153A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract:
Based on its course over time, irritability is linked to depression cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Cross-sectionally, irritability takes an episodic form as a symptom in pediatric depression; yet, irritability in the absence of depressed mood or anhedonia is rare. Longitudinally, chronic irritability has been shown to predict depression rather than bipolar disorder or externalizing disorders. Evidence suggests that the link between irritability and depression is explained mostly by shared genetic risk. Both conditions are also associated with higher rates of family history of depression, childhood temperaments and personality styles, and negative parenting styles. The treatment implications are discussed.
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