Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Implications for Oncology Nursing Practice
Jennifer S Webster1, Roberta Kaplow2
1Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA.
Seminars in Oncology Nursing
|March 21, 2021
Summary
Tumor lysis syndrome is a life-threatening oncologic emergency. It causes severe metabolic derangements like hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury due to rapid cancer cell death.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nephrology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a critical metabolic oncologic emergency.
- It is characterized by life-threatening metabolic derangements and can lead to acute kidney injury and organ dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of tumor lysis syndrome.
- To highlight its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management.
Main Methods:
- A review and synthesis of empirical articles.
- Analysis of existing literature on TLS.
Main Results:
- Rapid cancer cell death releases intracellular components, causing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperuricemia.
- These derangements can lead to hypocalcemia, uric acid nephropathy, and acute kidney injury.
- Metabolic acidosis and exacerbation of hyperkalemia can occur.
Conclusions:
- TLS is a complex syndrome requiring prompt recognition and management.
- Multidisciplinary collaboration and meticulous nursing care are crucial for prevention and patient survival.
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