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The First Cataract Surgeons in the British Isles.

Christopher T Leffler1, Stephen G Schwartz2, Eric Peterson3

  • 1Departments of Ophthalmology, Human and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|March 21, 2021
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Summary

Cataract surgery, likely couching, may have occurred in Roman Britain and the Middle Ages. Evidence confirms its arrival in England by the 1560s, with extraction becoming more common by 1753, though couching persisted.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical History
  • Surgical History

Background:

  • Cataract surgery's historical presence in the British Isles is explored.
  • Understanding the evolution of surgical techniques and their adoption is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the historical introduction and progression of cataract surgery within the British Isles.
  • To trace the origins and development of cataract treatment methods in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical documents including handbills and books.
  • Analysis of Roman artifacts for evidence of ancient surgical practices.
  • Chronological mapping of cataract surgery's appearance in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Main Results:

  • Roman artifacts suggest ancient couching; medieval evidence is scarce.
  • Cataract couching likely introduced to England (1560s), Scotland (1595), and Ireland (1684).
  • Cataract extraction emerged by 1753, but couching remained prevalent throughout the 18th century.

Conclusions:

  • Cataract surgery may date back to Roman Britain, with clear evidence emerging in the Elizabethan era.
  • While cataract extraction was established by 1753, couching continued as a common practice.
  • The study highlights the gradual integration of cataract surgery into British medical practice over centuries.