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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Allosteric Regulation01:08

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Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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MiR-375: A novel multifunctional regulator.

Yang Liu1, Qiuyuan Wang1, Jie Wen1

  • 1College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China.

Life Sciences
|March 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is a key regulator in cellular pathways, impacting immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Its dysregulation is linked to disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCancerDevelopmentImmunityInflammationVirusmiR-375

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MiR-375, initially identified as beta cell-specific, is now recognized as a multifunctional regulator in various cellular pathways.
  • Its dysregulation is associated with pathological changes, with expression primarily controlled by promoter methylation or circular RNAs (circRNAs).
  • Existing research indicates miR-375's involvement in immunity, inflammation, development, and viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted regulatory functions of miR-375.
  • To discuss the role of miR-375 in immunity, including its relevance to macrophages, T helper cells, and autoimmune diseases.
  • To analyze the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of miR-375 in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on miR-375.
  • Analysis of miR-375's regulatory mechanisms, including promoter methylation and circRNA involvement.
  • Examination of miR-375's functions in immunity, inflammation, development, viral replication, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • MiR-375 regulates numerous functional genes, and its ectopic expression is linked to pathological conditions.
  • MiR-375 plays a role in immune responses, inflammation, cellular development, and virus replication.
  • MiR-375 exhibits significant potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • MiR-375 is a crucial regulator with broad implications across cellular biology and disease.
  • Its involvement in immunity and cancer highlights its therapeutic and diagnostic value.
  • Further research into miR-375 mechanisms and applications is warranted for future development.