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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task
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Which multiband factor should you choose for your resting-state fMRI study?

Benjamin B Risk1, Raphiel J Murden1, Junjie Wu2

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Neuroimage
|March 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Multiband (MB) acceleration in fMRI offers faster scans but amplifies noise, particularly in subcortical regions. For resting-state functional connectivity, single-band 3.3 mm is best for subcortical analysis, while MB 4 offers a good balance.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiband (MB) acquisition, or simultaneous multislice, is increasingly used in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fC) studies for higher temporal resolution.
  • However, MB acceleration can introduce spatially heterogeneous noise amplification, potentially impacting deeper brain regions like the subcortex more severely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of various multiband factors (2-12) and single-band acquisitions on noise amplification and functional connectivity estimates in rs-fC studies.
  • To provide recommendations for optimal acquisition parameters based on analytical goals, particularly for subcortical and large-scale analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisitions were performed using a 32-channel head coil with 2 mm isotropic voxels for MB factors 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 12, alongside 2 mm and 3.3 mm single-band acquisitions.
Keywords:
AccelerationFunctional connectivityNoise amplificationPutamenSimultaneous multisliceSubcorticalTemporal resolutionThalamus

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  • Noise amplification was quantified, and its effect on correlations was assessed across different brain regions.
  • Seed-based correlation maps and connectivity matrices were analyzed, with and without temporal filtering, to compare various acquisition strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Noise amplification was more pronounced in deeper brain regions, including subcortical areas, leading to attenuated correlations and spatially varying biases, especially at higher MB factors.
    • Single-band 3.3 mm acquisition yielded the highest left-right putamen and thalamo-motor connectivity in seed-based maps.
    • MB factors 4, 6, and 8 demonstrated a greater number of significant correlations in connectivity matrices compared to other MB factors and single-band acquisitions, even after temporal filtering.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-band 3.3 mm is recommended for seed-based subcortical analyses due to superior connectivity estimates.
    • MB factor 4 offers a balanced approach for studies analyzing both seed-based maps and connectivity matrices.
    • For large-scale rs-fC studies using MB acquisition, reporting effect sizes or test statistics is advised; if reporting correlations, temporal filtering is recommended to mitigate noise-induced biases.