Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

9.8K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
9.8K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

17.3K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.3K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

5.7K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.7K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

24.3K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.3K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

36.9K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
36.9K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

13.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
13.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tutorial: biomembranes in hybrid living bioelectronics.

Nature protocols·2026
Same author

Advancing physical virology through multiscale approaches-Insights from the 2025 FEBS|EMBO lecture course 'Physical Virology: across length scales'.

FEBS letters·2026
Same author

Feline health center initiative to track avian flu spread in cats.

American journal of veterinary research·2026
Same author

<i>In silico</i> reconstruction of a salmonid alphavirus virion reveals distinctive molecular features implicated in virulence.

iScience·2026
Same author

Sulfur-containing class of broad-spectrum antivirals improves influenza virus vaccine development.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A versatile GPMV-imaging platform for quantitative analysis of receptor binding and membrane fusion.

Biophysical journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
09:26

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.4K

Coronavirus entry: how we arrived at SARS-CoV-2.

Gary R Whittaker1, Susan Daniel2, Jean K Millet3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Master of Public Health Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|March 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein drives viral entry and pathogenesis. Understanding its complex mechanisms, including post-receptor binding and fusion, is crucial for developing therapeutics against COVID-19.

More Related Videos

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K
Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
09:26

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.4K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K
Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has intensified research on the virus.
  • The viral spike (S) protein is central to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunological response.
  • Coronavirus entry mechanisms are highly plastic, influencing variant evolution and cell tropism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review coronavirus entry mechanisms as a foundation for SARS-CoV-2 research.
  • To focus on post-receptor binding events and cellular pathways facilitating viral genome delivery.
  • To explore aspects of viral entry relevant to virus evolution and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronavirus entry mechanisms.
  • Analysis of S protein function in viral pathogenesis.
  • Examination of cellular pathways involved in viral fusion and genome delivery.

Main Results:

  • The S protein is a complex viral glycoprotein critical for virus entry and pathogenesis.
  • Post-receptor binding events, including S protein proteolytic priming and activation, are essential for membrane fusion.
  • The plasticity of coronavirus entry pathways impacts viral evolution and therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms is fundamental for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Targeting S protein function and associated cellular pathways offers potential therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into viral entry is vital for predicting and counteracting viral evolution.