Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

4.0K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
4.0K
Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

14.3K
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
14.3K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

30.3K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
30.3K
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

631
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
631
Transduction01:16

Transduction

530
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
530
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.5K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep Learning Model-Based Architectures for Lung Tumor Mutation Profiling: A Systematic Review.

Cancers·2025
Same author

Prediction of Metastasis in Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas Using Machine Learning Models: Explainability Challenges.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Sensing technologies and machine learning methods for emotion recognition in autism: Systematic review.

International journal of medical informatics·2024
Same author

Linguistic correlates of societal variation: A quantitative analysis.

PloS one·2024
Same author

CuentosIE: can a chatbot about "tales with a message" help to teach emotional intelligence?

PeerJ. Computer science·2024
Same author

Upgrading the Power Grid Functionalities with Broadband Power Line Communications: Basis, Applications, Current Trends and Challenges.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.8K

Metaphors: the evolutionary journey from bidirectionality to unidirectionality.

David Gil1, Yeshayahu Shen2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Thüringen, Germany.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metaphor directionality evolved from bidirectional to unidirectional, mirroring language complexity. A study found higher unidirectionality in complex Hebrew compared to simpler Abui, supporting this evolutionary linguistic theory.

Keywords:
evolutiongrammatical asymmetrygrammatical complexitymetaphormetaphor directionalitypolity complexity

More Related Videos

Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages
08:25

Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages

Published on: June 2, 2020

9.8K
Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.8K
Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages
08:25

Imaging and Analysis of Tissue Orientation and Growth Dynamics in the Developing Drosophila Epithelia During Pupal Stages

Published on: June 2, 2020

9.8K
Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Metaphors map one concept to another, typically expressed unidirectionally due to linguistic structures.
  • Conceptual hierarchies (abstractness, animacy, prototypicality) and grammatical asymmetries influence metaphor directionality.
  • The study posits that current metaphor unidirectionality evolved from an earlier bidirectional state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary trajectory of metaphor unidirectionality.
  • To test the Evolutionary Inference Principle, linking linguistic complexity to socio-political complexity.
  • To compare metaphor unidirectionality in Hebrew and Abui languages.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment was conducted to quantify the degree of metaphor unidirectionality.
  • Comparative analysis of metaphor unidirectionality was performed between Hebrew and Abui.
  • Linguistic and socio-political complexity of both languages were considered.

Main Results:

  • Metaphor unidirectionality was found to be significantly higher in Hebrew than in Abui.
  • Hebrew, a national language, exhibits greater metaphor unidirectionality than Abui, a regional language.
  • Results align with the Evolutionary Inference Principle, suggesting simpler structures (bidirectional metaphors) are evolutionarily prior.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that metaphor unidirectionality evolved from bidirectionality.
  • Linguistic complexity, including metaphor structure, correlates with socio-political complexity.
  • The evolution of grammatical complexity in language is driven by increasing socio-political complexity throughout human prehistory.