Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

Area of Science:

• Medical Simulation
• Surgical Training
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair proficiency is challenging due to the rarity of cases and limited training opportunities.
• Developing effective training methods is crucial for surgeons managing CSF leaks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model for simulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak closure.
• To assess the impact of simulation-based training on surgical confidence and skill acquisition.

Main Methods:

• Volunteer otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons participated in two simulation sessions using a 3D printed CSF leak model.
• Participants completed pre- and post-simulation questionnaires assessing professional qualifications, confidence levels (5-point Likert scale), and overall educational utility.

Main Results:

• Successful CSF leak repair rates improved from 83.33% in the first session to 100% in the second.
• Average repair time significantly decreased from 04:04±1.39 to 02:10±01:11 minutes (p < 0.001).
• Confidence scores significantly increased from 3.3 (pre-simulation) to 4.2 (post-second simulation) (p < 0.001), with all participants finding the model valuable.

Conclusions:

• 3D printed models provide a feasible and valuable simulation tool for training residents and novice surgeons in cerebrospinal fluid leak repair.
• This simulation method allows for skill development outside the constraints of a clinical environment, enhancing surgical preparedness.