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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
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Next-generation sequencing technologies: An overview.

Taishan Hu1, Nilesh Chitnis2, Dimitri Monos3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Human Immunology
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers two main types: short-read (second-generation) and long-read (third-generation) technologies. Emerging long-read technologies now combine long reads with high accuracy, advancing genomic sequencing.

Keywords:
Long-read sequencingNext-generation sequencingShort-read sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomics since Sanger sequencing.
  • NGS technologies are broadly classified by read length: short-read (second-generation) and long-read (third-generation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare prominent short-read and long-read sequencing technologies.
  • To highlight the evolution and current state of genomic sequencing platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of key technologies: Illumina and Ion Torrent (short-read), Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore (long-read).
  • Discussion of reported advantages and disadvantages for each technology.

Main Results:

  • Short-read sequencing traditionally offers high accuracy but is limited by read length.
  • Long-read sequencing provides longer reads but historically at the cost of accuracy.
  • Recent advancements in third-generation technologies show promise for achieving both long reads and high accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The field of genomic sequencing is rapidly evolving.
  • Third-generation sequencing technologies are emerging as a powerful tool, potentially overcoming previous limitations.
  • The future of sequencing lies in achieving both high accuracy and extended read lengths simultaneously.