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Redevelopment after spontaneous sputum conversion in noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex

Ock-Hwa Kim¹, Yong Pil Chong², Tae Sun Shim³

¹Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

|March 22, 2021

Abstract

Background:

Although spontaneous sputum conversion can occur in noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic (NC-NB) Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), little is known about redevelopment after spontaneous conversion. We investigated the redevelopment phenomenon after spontaneous sputum conversion in patients with NC-NB MAC-LD.

Material And Methods:

Among patients diagnosed with NC-NB MAC-LD between 2000 and 2013, 140 patients who experienced spontaneous sputum conversion, and whose follow-up duration after conversion was ≥6 months, were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

Of the 140 patients, 34 (24.3%) underwent redevelopment during the median follow-up period of 71.0 months (interquartile range [IQR], 58.8-87.5). Redevelopment occurred at a median interval of 25.0 months (IQR, 11.5-41.8) after spontaneous sputum conversion. The mean age of the 34 patients with redevelopment was 63.6 years, and 73.5% were women. No statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics were noted between the 34 patients with redevelopment and those with persistent conversion. Among the 34 patients with redevelopment, 6 received treatment at a median interval of 8 months (IQR, 1.5-16.8) after redevelopment. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were noted between the six treated and 28 untreated patients.

Conclusion:

At least approximately 24% of patients with spontaneous sputum conversion in NC-NB MAC-LD had redevelopment, and a portion of them required treatment. These findings suggest that long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with NC-NB MAC-LD, even those who experience spontaneous sputum conversion.

Keywords:

Mycobacterium avium complex Redevelopment Spontaneous sputum conversion

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