Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.7K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.7K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

12.9K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.9K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.3K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.3K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.2K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

7.2K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
7.2K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

688
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
688

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding immune signaling landscapes: what AlphaGenome reveals.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

<i>Ocimum gratissimum</i>: Chemical Composition, Phytochemical Properties, Antioxidants, and Pharmacological Activities: A Review.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Over 600 million people aged 18-65 will have headache tomorrow: global 1-day prevalence and recall bias from a meta-analysis of individual participant data (N = 38,512) from the general populations of 15 countries.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Berry-derived gold nanoparticles induce integrated ROS-mediated apoptosis, immune modulation, and transcriptomic remodeling in 4T1 triple-negative cancer cells.

Cell death discovery·2026
Same author

Allophycocyanin inhibits HIV-1 gp120 and reverse transcriptase through enthalpy-driven binding and antioxidative protection: integrative computational and experimental insights.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Beclin-1 as an autophagy biomarker in colorectal cancer.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.0K

Exercise, CaMKII, and type 2 diabetes.

Jitcy S Joseph1, Krishnan Anand2, Sibusiso T Malindisa3

  • 1Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, A division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

EXCLI Journal
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Regular exercise protects against type 2 diabetes by activating Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). This enhances cellular functions, improving metabolic health and mitochondrial capacity.

Keywords:
CaMKIIGLUT4Type 2 diabetesexerciseinsulin resistancemitochondrial biogenesis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice
03:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

771
Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model
05:58

Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

405

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.0K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice
03:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

771
Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model
05:58

Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

405

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology and molecular biology.
  • Metabolic regulation and disease prevention.

Background:

  • Regular exercise confers protection against type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
  • Exercise modulates gene transcription and signaling pathways crucial for metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the role of exercise in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling.
  • To elucidate the function of Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in exercise-induced adaptations.
  • To discuss CaMKII's role in regulating glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exercise, metabolic pathways, and CaMKII signaling.
  • Explanation of molecular mechanisms underlying exercise adaptations.
  • Illustration of CaMKII activation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Exercise activates CaMKII, leading to enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and glucose transport.
  • CaMKII plays a key role in regulating GLUT4 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.
  • CaMKII influences histone modifications, contributing to beneficial cellular functions.

Conclusions:

  • CaMKII is a critical mediator of exercise-induced metabolic benefits.
  • Understanding CaMKII's role can inform strategies for preventing and managing metabolic diseases.
  • Exercise-induced activation of CaMKII promotes adaptations that counteract sedentary lifestyle effects.