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Mustafa Emre Akçay1, Vittorio Lippi2, Thomas Mergner2

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Human postural responses are enhanced by vision. This study found that visual information, especially with eyes open, significantly reduces sway in low and mid-frequency ranges during support surface translations, improving balance control.

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balance controlhuman posture controlmodelingsupport surface translationvision

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Area of Science:

  • Human postural control
  • Sensory integration
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Vision plays a crucial role in maintaining human balance.
  • External perturbations challenge postural stability.
  • Understanding sensory contributions to balance is vital for preventing falls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of vision in human postural responses to continuous support surface translations.
  • To differentiate the effects of varying visual information (eyes closed, stroboscopic, continuous) on postural sway.
  • To analyze postural responses across different frequency ranges of the perturbation stimulus.

Main Methods:

  • Participants experienced pseudorandom support surface translations in three visual conditions: eyes closed (EC), eyes open/stroboscopic illumination (EO/SI), and eyes open/continuous illumination (EO/CI).
  • Postural sway responses were analyzed in low (LFR), mid (MFR), and high (HFR) frequency ranges.
  • A single inverted pendulum (SIP) model and a double inverted pendulum (DIP) model were used to simulate and analyze postural control mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Postural sway gain in the LFR significantly increased with added visual information (EO/SI and EO/CI) compared to EC.
  • Postural sway gain in the MFR significantly decreased with added visual information (EO/CI) compared to EC and EO/SI.
  • High gain levels were observed across all visual conditions in the HFR, suggesting different control mechanisms at play.

Conclusions:

  • Vision significantly modulates human postural responses to support surface translations, particularly in lower frequency ranges.
  • Proprioceptive feedback is a primary driver of resonance in EC postural control, which is reduced by visual input.
  • A double inverted pendulum model suggests biomechanical damping from hip sway contributes to resonance reduction.