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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

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Dynamic Function and Composition Shift in Circulating Innate Immune Cells in Hibernating Garden Dormice.

Nikolaus Huber1,2, Sebastian Vetter3, Gabrielle Stalder1

  • 1Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Physiology
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

During hibernation, neutrophil immune cell function is significantly reduced in torpor but dramatically increases during arousal. This immune response is temperature-compensated, offering insights into therapeutic hypothermia.

Keywords:
ROSarousalhibernatorimmunitymetabolic depressionoxidative bursttorpor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Physiology
  • Animal Biology

Background:

  • Hibernation involves prolonged torpor with suppressed metabolism and low body temperature.
  • Immune system function is generally impaired during torpor, with reduced white blood cell counts.
  • Neutrophil granulocytes are key innate immune cells, but their function during hibernation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in neutrophil oxidative burst capacity (NOC) during the torpor-arousal cycle in hibernating garden dormice.
  • To determine if reduced neutrophil function during torpor is temperature-dependent.

Main Methods:

  • Used a chemiluminescence assay to measure real-time reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in whole blood.
  • Assessed neutrophils from garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) in early torpor, late torpor, and during arousal phases.
  • Correlated ROS production with neutrophil numbers and body temperature.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophil oxidative burst capacity (NOC) was significantly lower during torpor compared to arousal phases, increasing up to 30-fold upon arousal.
  • Reduced NOC in aroused animals tested at low temperature (6°C) suggests temperature compensation.
  • NOC in torpid animals remained unchanged when tested at a higher temperature (35°C).

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophil immune function is dynamically regulated during the hibernation cycle, with suppressed activity during torpor and enhanced capacity during arousal.
  • The reduction in neutrophil function during torpor appears to be temperature-compensated.
  • Findings may inform understanding of immune responses in therapeutic hypothermia and reperfusion injury.