Dynamic study into autophagy and apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cell Biology
• Oral Biology

Background:

• Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a common dental procedure.
• OTM involves complex biological activities, including temporary hypoxia.
• The roles of autophagy and apoptosis in OTM have not been previously detailed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the dynamic changes in autophagy and apoptosis during OTM.
• To analyze the expression patterns of key autophagy and apoptotic markers in an OTM animal model.

Main Methods:

• Established an OTM animal model.
• Utilized Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.
• Performed immunohistochemical staining to assess marker expression levels.

Main Results:

• Observed a decrease in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and an increase in osteoclasts 1 day post-OTM.
• Autophagy markers (Beclin-1, LC3-II) peaked at 1 hour, while P62 decreased.
• Apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3) showed dynamic changes, with Bax and caspase-3 peaking at 7 days.

Conclusions:

• Autophagy and apoptosis are significantly involved in the OTM process.
• The study provides novel information on the temporal expression of autophagy and apoptotic markers during OTM.
• Enhanced understanding of the initiation and progression of OTM pathophysiology.