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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Filtration00:53

Filtration

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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Air Filter Devices Including Nonwoven Meshes of Electrospun Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins
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Biodegradable, Efficient, and Breathable Multi-Use Face Mask Filter.

Sejin Choi1, Hyeonyeol Jeon1, Min Jang1

  • 1Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan 44429 Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new biodegradable mask filter offers N95-level protection against particulate matter (PM) and is reusable, even in humid conditions. This eco-friendly filter decomposes in soil within 4 weeks, addressing waste issues from single-use masks.

Keywords:
biodegradabilitychitosanface masksparticulate matterpolybutylene succinate

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Growing demand for face masks due to pandemics and air pollution creates significant waste from single-use filters.
  • Conventional masks (electrostatic and nanosieve) degrade in humid conditions, clog easily, or are non-recyclable.
  • Need for sustainable, high-performance mask filters that are biodegradable and maintain efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biodegradable, moisture-resistant, highly breathable, and high-performance fibrous mask filter.
  • To create a reusable mask filter that overcomes the limitations of current technologies.
  • To provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional single-use face masks.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of biodegradable microfiber and nanofiber mats into a Janus membrane filter.
  • Coating the filter with cationically charged chitosan nanowhiskers for enhanced PM adsorption.
  • Testing filter efficiency, pressure drop, moisture resistance, and biodegradability.

Main Results:

  • The developed filter demonstrates N95-level efficiency, removing 98.3% of 2.5 µm particulate matter.
  • Achieved a low pressure differential of 59 Pa, ensuring comfortable breathing.
  • Exhibited negligible performance loss in humid conditions and complete decomposition in composting soil within 4 weeks.
  • Chitosan coating effectively adsorbs ultrafine PM like nitrogen and sulfur oxides.

Conclusions:

  • The novel Janus membrane filter offers a sustainable, high-performance solution for air filtration.
  • Biodegradability and moisture resistance make it a superior alternative to conventional masks.
  • This technology addresses both public health needs and environmental concerns related to mask waste.