Targeting Endosomal Recycling Pathways by Bacterial and Viral Pathogens

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Virology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Endosomes are crucial cellular hubs for protein trafficking, regulating degradation and recycling.
• Proper endosomal recycling is vital for organelle identity, lipid homeostasis, and cellular functions.
• Pathogenic bacteria and viruses exploit host endosomal recycling pathways for replication and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in understanding pathogen subversion of host endosomal recycling.
• To highlight host factors targeted by pathogens, such as retromer, TBC1D5, SNX-BARs, and the WASH complex.
• To elucidate the distinct mechanisms used by intracellular bacteria, HPV, and SARS-CoV-2 to manipulate these pathways.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on pathogen-host interactions at endosomes.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms employed by specific pathogens (intracellular bacteria, HPV, SARS-CoV-2).
• Focus on host factors involved in endosomal receptor trafficking and their subversion.

Main Results:

• Pathogens utilize diverse strategies to hijack endosomal recycling pathways.
• Identification of key host factors manipulated by pathogens for their advantage.
• Insights into how viruses like HPV and SARS-CoV-2, and intracellular bacteria, exploit cellular machinery.

Conclusions:

• Pathogen manipulation of endosomal recycling reveals novel insights into host-pathogen interactions.
• Understanding these hijacked pathways deepens knowledge of molecular regulation of endosomal trafficking.
• This research highlights potential therapeutic targets by understanding pathogen exploitation of cellular processes.